Table of Contents

Licorice Root Toxicity: Adverse Effects and Safe Doses

Takeaways

  • Glycyrrhizin in licorice can cause serious health issues
  • Overconsumption may lead to electrolyte imbalances and high blood pressure
  • Safe consumption limits vary, but moderation is essential
  • Some groups face higher risks from licorice toxicity
  • Recognizing early warning signs helps prevent complications
  • Alternatives like DGL offer safer options for licorice benefits

Understanding Licorice Root

Licorice root, a plant with a sweet taste, has been used in various cultures for centuries.[1] It grows in parts of Europe and Asia. People have valued it for its flavor and its potential health benefits throughout history.

The plant, known scientifically as Glycyrrhiza glabra, thrives in soil that drains well.[2] It can reach about 7 feet tall, with compound leaves and purple flowers.[3] The root, which is used most often, can grow deep into the ground.

Traditionally, licorice root was used in both medicines and sweets. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese used it to help with stomach problems.[4] Today, licorice provides flavor to candies, teas, and even some alcoholic drinks.

The Sweet Culprit: Glycyrrhizin

Glycyrrhizin is the main compound in licorice root. This is what gives licorice its distinct sweetness, being about 50 times sweeter than sugar.[5] But glycyrrhizin affects the body in more ways than just taste.

Glycyrrhizin can act similarly to cortisol, a stress hormone, within the body.[6] It can influence how the body processes other hormones and minerals.[7] This interaction is key to understanding both the benefits and potential dangers of licorice.

Product Type Average Glycyrrhizin Content
Raw licorice root 4-20%
Licorice extract 10-20%
Licorice candy 0.1-0.2%
Licorice tea 0.02-0.2%

Glycyrrhizin interacts with body systems in a complex way. It can stop an enzyme that breaks down cortisol, leading to higher cortisol levels.[8] Glycyrrhizin also affects how the kidneys manage the balance of salt and water in the body.[9]

When Sweet Turns Sour: Toxic Effects

Electrolyte Imbalance

Licorice can disrupt the balance of important minerals in the body, particularly sodium and potassium.[10] Glycyrrhizin causes the body to hold onto sodium and lose potassium.

This imbalance can cause various symptoms, such as weakness or muscle cramps.[11] In severe cases, it can lead to irregular heartbeats or even paralysis.[12]

Common signs of electrolyte imbalances caused by licorice include:

  • Fatigue
  • Headaches
  • Muscle weakness
  • Abnormal heart rhythms
  • High blood pressure

Blood Pressure Spikes

Eating too much licorice can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.[13] This is because glycyrrhizin affects the body’s ability to manage fluids and minerals.

High blood pressure caused by licorice can be dangerous.[14] It puts extra pressure on the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke, particularly for people with existing heart issues.

Hormonal Havoc

Licorice can affect the body’s cortisol levels and stress response. Cortisol helps regulate the body’s metabolism and immune system. Too much cortisol can lead to weight gain and a weaker immune system.[15]

Licorice affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which controls blood pressure and fluid balance.[16] It can cause this system to become overactive. This often results in high blood pressure and fluid retention.

Who’s at Risk?

Some individuals are more prone to experiencing the negative effects of licorice. Knowing these risk factors helps people avoid potential problems.

Certain health conditions can make people more sensitive to licorice, including heart disease, kidney problems, and high blood pressure.[17] Pregnant women should also be careful when consuming licorice.[18]

Factors that can increase sensitivity to licorice’s negative effects include:

  • Age (older adults are more susceptible)
  • Existing heart or kidney conditions
  • Hypertension
  • Potassium deficiency
  • Certain medications (like diuretics or digoxin)

Dosage Dilemma: How Much is Too Much?

Determining a safe amount of licorice to consume isn’t straightforward. Different forms of licorice contain different levels of glycyrrhizin. People also react to licorice in different ways.

Most experts agree that moderation is essential. The European Food Safety Authority suggests a daily limit of 100 mg of glycyrrhizin.[19] This is equal to about 60-70 grams of licorice candy.[20]

Form of Licorice Safe Daily Limit
Licorice candy 60-70 grams
Licorice tea 1-2 cups
Licorice extract 200-300 mg
DGL supplements 400-600 mg

These guidelines are for regular, long-term consumption. Eating licorice occasionally is less likely to cause problems. However, individuals with certain health conditions should consult their doctor first.

Spotting the Signs: Symptoms of Licorice Toxicity

Recognizing the signs of licorice toxicity can help prevent serious health issues. The effects can vary from mild discomfort to severe health problems.[30]

Early signs of licorice toxicity often include headaches and tiredness.[21] Some people might also experience swelling in their hands or feet.[22] More severe symptoms can develop if the toxicity progresses.

Progression of licorice toxicity symptoms:

  1. Mild headache and tiredness
  2. Increased thirst and frequent urination
  3. Muscle weakness or cramps
  4. Numbness or tingling in arms and legs
  5. High blood pressure
  6. Irregular heart rhythms
  7. Severe fatigue and weakness
  8. Paralysis (in extreme cases)

The Healing-Harming Paradox

Medicinal Benefits

Licorice root can have health benefits when used properly. Traditional medicine has long recognized its properties. Modern research continues to investigate its therapeutic potential.

Some conditions that might benefit from controlled licorice use include digestive and respiratory issues.[23] It may help soothe stomach ulcers and reduce inflammation.[24] Some studies suggest it could support adrenal function and hormonal balance.[25]

The Fine Line

The line between licorice’s helpfulness and harm is narrow. Small amounts may help, while larger amounts can be harmful. Therefore, medical supervision is crucial when using licorice for medicinal purposes.

Doctors can monitor for side effects and adjust dosages. They can also consider a patient’s overall health and other medications. This helps maximize potential benefits while minimizing risks.

Licorice in Disguise: Hidden Sources

Licorice isn’t only found in candy. Many other products contain licorice or its extracts. Being aware of these sources helps people avoid consuming too much.

It’s important to read labels carefully when monitoring licorice intake. Many herbal teas and supplements contain licorice root. Even some tobaccos and alcoholic drinks use licorice flavoring.

Common products that may contain licorice or its extracts:

  • Herbal teas
  • Cough syrups
  • Some beers and liquors
  • Tobacco products
  • Certain supplements
  • Some soft drinks

Alternatives and Safer Options

Alternatives exist for those who want licorice’s benefits without the risks. These options offer similar flavors or health effects but with less danger.

DGL, or deglycyrrhizinated licorice, is a safer option.[26] Manufacturers remove the glycyrrhizin, reducing the risk of toxicity.[27] DGL retains many of the beneficial compounds in licorice.

Natural alternatives that offer similar benefits to licorice:

  • Fennel seed
  • Anise
  • Marshmallow root
  • Slippery elm

Recovery and Treatment

If someone suspects licorice toxicity, they should stop consuming licorice immediately. It is essential to seek medical help, especially if symptoms are severe.

Treatment for licorice overdose focuses on restoring balance in the body.[28] Doctors might prescribe potassium supplements to correct electrolyte imbalances.[29] In severe cases, hospitalization might be needed.

It’s important to monitor symptoms after stopping licorice intake. Most effects of licorice toxicity resolve within a few weeks. However, some people might need ongoing care to manage lingering issues.

Prevention: Staying on the Safe Side

Preventing licorice toxicity begins with awareness and moderation. Understanding personal risk factors and safe consumption limits is essential.

For most people, enjoying licorice occasionally poses little risk. However, regular consumers should be mindful of their intake. This is especially true for individuals with health conditions or who are on certain medications.

Steps to minimize risk when consuming licorice:

  1. Know your risk factors
  2. Read product labels carefully
  3. Limit consumption to recommended amounts
  4. Choose DGL for regular use
  5. Consult a healthcare provider if unsure

Regulatory Stance and Warnings

Regulations on licorice in food and supplements differ around the world. In the United States, the FDA does not require specific warnings on licorice products, but they have issued information about potential health risks.[31]

Some countries have more strict regulations. The Netherlands, for instance, requires warning labels on licorice candy.[32] These labels inform consumers about possible effects on blood pressure.

International differences in licorice regulation show varying approaches to food safety. Some countries focus on education, while others use strict labeling laws. Consumers can benefit from being informed about these regulations.

FAQs: People Also Ask

How long does it take for licorice toxicity to develop?
Licorice toxicity can develop within a few weeks of regular consumption.[33] However, some people might experience effects sooner, especially with high doses.

Can licorice tea cause high blood pressure?
Yes, licorice tea can potentially raise blood pressure.[34] The effect depends on the tea’s licorice content and how often you drink it.

Is black licorice more dangerous than red licorice?
Black licorice typically contains more glycyrrhizin than red licorice.[35] This makes it more likely to cause adverse effects when consumed in large amounts.

How much licorice is safe to eat daily?
The European Food Safety Authority suggests no more than 100 mg of glycyrrhizin per day.[36] This equals about 60-70 grams of licorice candy for most adults.

Can licorice interact with medications?
Yes, licorice can interact with several medications.[37] These include blood pressure drugs, diuretics, and some heart medications. Always consult your doctor about potential interactions.

Are there any benefits to eating licorice?
Licorice may offer some health benefits, including soothing digestive issues and reducing inflammation.[38] However, these benefits come with risks if consumed in large amounts.

What’s the difference between licorice root and licorice candy?
Licorice root is the natural plant form, while licorice candy is a processed product.[39] Candy often contains less glycyrrhizin than the root but may have added sugars and other ingredients.[40]

Can pregnant women safely consume licorice?
Pregnant women should avoid consuming large amounts of licorice.[41] Some studies suggest it might affect fetal development. It’s best to consult with a healthcare provider before consuming licorice during pregnancy.

Fact Check
Claim: Licorice root, a plant with a sweet taste, has been used in various cultures for centuries.
Fact check: True. Licorice root has a long history of use across various cultures.

Licorice root has been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes in many ancient civilizations including in Egypt, China, and Greece.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: The plant, known scientifically as Glycyrrhiza glabra, thrives in soil that drains well.
Fact check: True. Glycyrrhiza glabra prefers well-drained soil.

Licorice requires well-drained soil to avoid root rot and to thrive.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: It can reach about 7 feet tall, with compound leaves and purple flowers.
Fact check: True. Licorice plants can grow up to 7 feet tall and have compound leaves and purple flowers.

Glycyrrhiza glabra is a perennial herb that can reach a height of 7ft and has pinnately compound leaves. Its flowers are typically purple to pale blue in color.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese used it to help with stomach problems.
Fact check: True. These cultures have a history of using licorice for gastrointestinal issues.

Historically, many ancient cultures have used licorice for its perceived medicinal properties. In those cultures, it was used to treat stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal ailments.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Glycyrrhizin is the main compound in licorice root. This is what gives licorice its distinct sweetness, being about 50 times sweeter than sugar.
Fact check: True. Glycyrrhizin is the primary sweetening compound in licorice root and it is significantly sweeter than sugar.

The sweetness in licorice root is attributed to glycyrrhizin which can be 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Glycyrrhizin can act similarly to cortisol, a stress hormone, within the body.
Fact check: True. Glycyrrhizin can mimic the action of cortisol in the body.

Glycyrrhizin can interact with enzymes in the body, increasing cortisol levels by inhibiting the enzyme that metabolizes it, leading to an increase of cortisol in the body.

Source: “Licorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess causing persistent hypertension and hypokalemia” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126388/

Claim: It can influence how the body processes other hormones and minerals.
Fact check: True. Glycyrrhizin affects hormone and mineral processing.

Glycyrrhizin interacts with mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormone receptors and affects mineral balances, especially potassium and sodium.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703329/

Claim: It can stop an enzyme that breaks down cortisol, leading to higher cortisol levels.
Fact check: True. Glycyrrhizin inhibits an enzyme that breaks down cortisol.

Glycyrrhizin inhibits the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which is responsible for breaking down cortisol. This inhibition can lead to increased cortisol levels in the body.

Source: “Licorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess causing persistent hypertension and hypokalemia” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126388/

Claim: Glycyrrhizin also affects how the kidneys manage the balance of salt and water in the body.
Fact check: True. Glycyrrhizin impacts kidney function related to salt and water balance.

Glycyrrhizin’s effect on mineralocorticoid activity causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water and excrete potassium, disrupting electrolyte balance.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703329/

Claim: Licorice can disrupt the balance of important minerals in the body, particularly sodium and potassium.
Fact check: True. Licorice can disrupt the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.

Licorice consumption, due to its glycyrrhizin content, can cause the body to retain sodium and lose potassium, leading to mineral imbalances.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: This imbalance can cause various symptoms, such as weakness or muscle cramps.
Fact check: True. Imbalances caused by licorice can result in symptoms like weakness and muscle cramps.

The sodium retention and potassium depletion from licorice can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness and muscle cramps.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: In severe cases, it can lead to irregular heartbeats or even paralysis.
Fact check: True. In severe cases, licorice toxicity can lead to irregular heartbeats and paralysis.

Severe potassium depletion caused by licorice use can result in cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and in some extreme cases, paralysis.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Eating too much licorice can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.
Fact check: True. Excessive licorice consumption can cause a rapid increase in blood pressure.

Licorice, through its glycyrrhizin content, can lead to increased blood pressure by causing sodium and water retention and potassium depletion.

Source: “Licorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess causing persistent hypertension and hypokalemia” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126388/

Claim: High blood pressure caused by licorice can be dangerous.
Fact check: True. Licorice-induced high blood pressure can pose health risks.

Hypertension caused by licorice can increase the risk of heart attacks, stroke, and heart failure, especially in susceptible individuals.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Too much cortisol can lead to weight gain and a weaker immune system.
Fact check: True. Excess cortisol can contribute to weight gain and immunosuppression.

High levels of cortisol can contribute to increased appetite, fat deposition, and impaired immune function.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8328722/

Claim: Licorice affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which controls blood pressure and fluid balance.
Fact check: True. Licorice impacts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Licorice, due to glycyrrhizin, interacts with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which can cause an overactivation of the system, leading to high blood pressure and fluid retention.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703329/

Claim: Certain health conditions can make people more sensitive to licorice, including heart disease, kidney problems, and high blood pressure.
Fact check: True. Individuals with certain health conditions are more susceptible to the negative effects of licorice.

Those with pre-existing heart, kidney, or blood pressure conditions are at higher risk of complications from licorice due to its effects on electrolyte balances and blood pressure.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Pregnant women should also be careful when consuming licorice.
Fact check: True. Pregnant women should be cautious about consuming licorice.

Licorice consumption during pregnancy may be associated with preterm birth and other adverse outcomes, so moderation is advised.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8328722/

Claim: The European Food Safety Authority suggests a daily limit of 100 mg of glycyrrhizin.
Fact check: True. The EFSA recommends limiting daily glycyrrhizin intake to 100 mg.

The European Food Safety Authority’s recommendation is for a daily limit of 100mg of glycyrrhizin in the diet to avoid adverse health effects.

Claim: This is equal to about 60-70 grams of licorice candy.
Fact check: True. 100mg of glycyrrhizin is approximately 60-70 grams of most licorice candy.

The amount of glycyrrhizin in licorice candy varies, but 60-70 grams is generally considered the approximate equivalent for 100 mg of glycyrrhizin.

Claim: Early signs of licorice toxicity often include headaches and tiredness.
Fact check: True. Headaches and tiredness are common early symptoms of licorice toxicity.

Initial symptoms of licorice toxicity include headache, lethargy, and water retention, which can manifest as tiredness and swelling of extremities.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Some people might also experience swelling in their hands or feet.
Fact check: True. Swelling in extremities can be an early sign of licorice toxicity.

Sodium and water retention caused by licorice can lead to edema or swelling in areas like the hands and feet.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Some conditions that might benefit from controlled licorice use include digestive and respiratory issues.
Fact check: True. Licorice has shown potential benefits for digestive and respiratory issues.

Historically, licorice has been used to treat peptic ulcers and other digestive disorders. Some research also indicates benefits for respiratory issues as well.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: It may help soothe stomach ulcers and reduce inflammation.
Fact check: True. Licorice has shown promise in soothing stomach ulcers and reducing inflammation.

Licorice compounds have been shown to possess anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory properties which may be beneficial in treating digestive ailments.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Some studies suggest it could support adrenal function and hormonal balance.
Fact check: Potentially True, but further research is needed. Some studies suggest licorice could help with adrenal support.

While some studies suggest a potential role for licorice in adrenal function and hormonal balance, further research is required to solidify these findings and clinical applications. The hormonal effect is mainly due to its cortisol-like properties which is not the goal for adrenal support.

Claim: DGL, or deglycyrrhizinated licorice, is a safer option.
Fact check: True. DGL is generally safer because it has the glycyrrhizin removed.

DGL undergoes processing to remove glycyrrhizin, which reduces the risk of adverse effects, including those associated with electrolyte imbalance and blood pressure.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Manufacturers remove the glycyrrhizin, reducing the risk of toxicity.
Fact check: True. The removal of glycyrrhizin reduces the risk of licorice toxicity.

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is processed to remove glycyrrhizin, the compound responsible for many of licorice’s side effects.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Treatment for licorice overdose focuses on restoring balance in the body.
Fact check: True. Treatment for licorice overdose aims to correct imbalances.

Medical management for licorice overdose often includes monitoring and correcting electrolyte imbalances (particularly potassium and sodium) and managing high blood pressure.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Doctors might prescribe potassium supplements to correct electrolyte imbalances.
Fact check: True. Potassium supplements are often used to correct electrolyte imbalances caused by licorice.

Potassium supplements are commonly used in treating licorice toxicity in order to restore low potassium levels to normal.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: The effects can vary from mild discomfort to severe health problems.
Fact check: True. The effects of licorice toxicity can range from mild to severe.

The effects of licorice toxicity depend on dose and duration of intake as well as individual susceptibility and can range from mild symptoms like headache to serious problems like cardiac arrhytmias.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: In the United States, the FDA does not require specific warnings on licorice products, but they have issued information about potential health risks.
Fact check: True. The FDA does not require specific warnings on licorice products but does provide consumer information.

The FDA does not mandate warning labels on licorice products but does provide consumer guidance about the risks associated with its excessive consumption.

Claim: Some countries have more strict regulations. The Netherlands, for instance, requires warning labels on licorice candy.
Fact check: True. Some countries have stricter regulations, such as the Netherlands requiring warning labels.

The Netherlands requires warning labels to appear on licorice products alerting consumers about potential blood pressure-related risks.

Claim: Licorice toxicity can develop within a few weeks of regular consumption.
Fact check: True. Licorice toxicity can develop with regular consumption over a few weeks.

With regular consumption, the accumulation of glycyrrhizin in the body can lead to symptoms of licorice toxicity in a matter of weeks.

Source: “Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23185686/

Claim: Yes, licorice tea can potentially raise blood pressure.
Fact check: True. Licorice tea can increase blood pressure.

Licorice tea contains glycyrrhizin, which can lead to sodium retention, potassium loss, and an increase in blood pressure.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703329/

Claim: Black licorice typically contains more glycyrrhizin than red licorice.
Fact check: True. Black licorice usually has higher glycyrrhizin content than red licorice.

Black licorice is more likely to have higher amounts of glycyrrhizin since it contains actual licorice root extract, while red licorice typically does not, resulting in a higher risk of adverse effects from black licorice.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8328722/

Claim: The European Food Safety Authority suggests no more than 100 mg of glycyrrhizin per day.
Fact check: True. The EFSA recommends a daily limit of 100 mg of glycyrrhizin.

The European Food Safety Authority’s recommended daily limit for glycyrrhizin is 100 mg to reduce the risk of adverse effects from licorice consumption.

Claim: Yes, licorice can interact with several medications.
Fact check: True. Licorice can interact with various medications.

Licorice can interact with blood pressure, diuretic, and heart medications, potentially causing adverse effects due to its effect on cortisol and electrolyte balances.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703329/

Claim: Licorice may offer some health benefits, including soothing digestive issues and reducing inflammation.
Fact check: True. Licorice has potential benefits for digestive issues and inflammation.

Licorice compounds have anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties and some studies suggest benefits for digestive and respiratory issues, but caution is required when using licorice for these potential benefits.

Source: “Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462981/

Claim: Licorice root is the natural plant form, while licorice candy is a processed product.
Fact check: True. Licorice root is the plant, while candy is a processed product.

Licorice root is the raw plant material, whereas licorice candy is typically a processed food product which may contain very little licorice root extract.

Claim: Candy often contains less glycyrrhizin than the root but may have added sugars and other ingredients.
Fact check: True. Candy often has less glycyrrhizin and may include sugars and other additives.

Licorice candy often contains lower concentrations of glycyrrhizin compared to the raw licorice root and can also have additional sugars, starches, and flavorings.

Claim: Pregnant women should avoid consuming large amounts of licorice.
Fact check: True. Pregnant women should avoid large amounts of licorice.

Large amounts of licorice consumption during pregnancy have been associated with adverse effects, such as preterm labor.

Source: “Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8328722/


Medically reviewed and fact checked

Colors Nutrition does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.