Magnesium Oxide: Considerations And Uses

Takeaways

Magnesium oxide is a versatile compound with diverse applications

It serves as a dietary supplement to address magnesium deficiency

This form of magnesium acts as an effective antacid and laxative

Industrial uses include refractory materials and environmental remediation

Proper dosage and administration are essential for safe consumption

Absorption rates are lower compared to other magnesium supplements

What is Magnesium Oxide?

Magnesium oxide is a compound appearing as a white powder.[1] It has the chemical formula MgO, which means it’s made of one magnesium atom and one oxygen atom.[2] This substance is created when magnesium and oxygen combine.[3] It can be found in both natural and manufactured forms.

In nature, magnesium oxide is found as the mineral periclase.[4] However, most of the magnesium oxide used commercially comes from processing magnesite ore.[5] It is also made by burning magnesium metal in air, a process that quickly combines magnesium and oxygen.[6]

Magnesium oxide has many practical uses. It is found in dietary supplements, antacids, and laxatives.[7] Various industries use it in the production of cement, ceramics, and fire-resistant materials.[8] Its versatility makes it useful in many different areas.

Sources of Magnesium Oxide

Magnesium oxide occurs naturally, though in small amounts. It can be found within igneous rocks and certain minerals.[9] Additionally, seawater contains very small amounts of this compound.[10]

The primary way magnesium oxide is produced is through industrial methods. Several techniques are used to create it. One common method involves heating magnesium carbonate, a process known as calcination.[11] This heating process releases carbon dioxide, leaving behind magnesium oxide.[12]

Another way to produce magnesium oxide involves using seawater.[13] Lime is added to seawater, causing magnesium hydroxide to separate out.[14] This magnesium hydroxide is then heated to form magnesium oxide.[15]

Magnesium oxide is available commercially in these forms:

Fused magnesia
Dead-burned magnesia
Caustic-calcined magnesia

The quality of magnesium oxide can differ depending on how it’s made.[16] Its purity and how easily it reacts depend on the manufacturing process. Generally, higher temperatures produce denser, less reactive forms.[17]

Nutritional Role of Magnesium

Magnesium is very important for human health. It plays a role in more than 300 enzyme systems in the body.[18] These systems regulate different processes including protein creation, muscle activity, and nerve signals.[19]

Magnesium oxide contains a high amount of magnesium but is not easily absorbed by the body.[20] Other magnesium supplements, such as citrate or glycinate, are absorbed more effectively.[21]

Here’s a comparison of the magnesium content in some foods and supplements:

Source	Magnesium Content (per 100g)
Pumpkin seeds	592 mg
Almonds	270 mg
Spinach	79 mg
Magnesium oxide supplement	60% elemental magnesium

The amount of magnesium needed daily differs. Adult men should aim for around 400-420 mg per day.[22] Women typically need 310-320 mg.[23] Magnesium oxide supplements can help achieve these amounts, but consider that it’s not absorbed as well as some other forms.

Health Benefits and Uses

Digestive Health

Magnesium oxide is effective as an antacid. It quickly neutralizes stomach acid.[24] This action can bring relief from heartburn and indigestion.

Many people use magnesium oxide to treat constipation. It works by drawing water into the intestines, which softens stool and helps with bowel movements.[25] This is why it’s considered an osmotic laxative.[26]

Magnesium oxide can provide temporary relief for acid reflux. It lowers the amount of acid in the stomach.[27] However, using it long-term for this purpose should be done with medical advice.[28]

Bone Health

Magnesium is important for building and maintaining strong bones. It helps control calcium levels in the body.[29] A large portion, about 60%, of the body’s magnesium is stored in bones.[30]

Magnesium oxide supplements may be beneficial for bone health. They can increase magnesium levels in the body, potentially helping to prevent conditions like osteoporosis.[31]

To best support bone health, remember that magnesium works with other nutrients. Calcium and vitamin D are important for maintaining strong bones.[32] Taking all three in appropriate amounts is best for bone health.

Muscle Function

Magnesium plays a role in muscle function, helping them contract and relax. It regulates calcium movement in muscle cells.[33] This process is crucial for healthy muscle activity.

Some people use magnesium oxide for muscle cramps and soreness. It may help to relax tense muscles.[34] However, more research is needed to confirm how effective it is for this use.

Athletes sometimes take magnesium supplements, thinking it will improve their performance and recovery. While magnesium is important for muscle health, the specific benefits of magnesium oxide for athletes are not entirely clear.[35]

Cardiovascular Health

The heart needs magnesium to function correctly. It helps regulate heart rhythm and plays a part in controlling blood pressure.[36]

Some studies suggest magnesium oxide supplements might be good for heart health. They may help lower blood pressure in some individuals.[37] However, the results are not consistent, and more research is necessary.

If you are considering magnesium for your heart health, talk with your doctor.[38] They can advise you on whether supplements are right for you. They will also consider any potential interactions with other medications.

Absorption and Bioavailability

Bioavailability refers to how much of a substance the body can actually use. It’s an important factor to consider when choosing supplements.[39] Magnesium oxide has lower bioavailability compared to other forms of magnesium.[40]

Several things can affect how well magnesium oxide is absorbed. These include:

Stomach acid levels
Presence of other nutrients
Overall health of your digestive system

Here’s a comparison of how well different forms of magnesium are absorbed:

Magnesium Form	Approximate Absorption Rate
Magnesium oxide	4-5%
Magnesium citrate	16-18%
Magnesium glycinate	Up to 80%

To help your body absorb magnesium oxide, you can try these strategies:

Take it with food
Split the dose throughout the day
Ensure adequate vitamin D levels
Address any digestive issues

Keep in mind that even with its lower absorption rate, magnesium oxide can still contribute to your overall magnesium intake.[41]

Dosage and Administration

The typical dose of magnesium oxide varies depending on its use. For general supplementation, 200-400 mg per day is common.[42] When used as a laxative, the dose might range from 400-1200 mg.[43]

Several factors can influence dosage recommendations including:

Age
Gender
Health condition
Reason for use

To take magnesium oxide supplements correctly, follow these tips:

Follow the instructions on the label
Take with food to improve absorption
Drink plenty of water
Start with a lower dose and increase gradually

Consider the timing when you take magnesium oxide. For general use, dividing the dose throughout the day may be helpful.[44] If you’re using it as a sleep aid, taking it before bedtime might be beneficial.[45]

Side Effects and Precautions

Common side effects of magnesium oxide can include:

Diarrhea
Nausea
Stomach cramps
Vomiting

These effects typically occur with higher doses, particularly when using magnesium oxide as a laxative.[46]

Magnesium can interact with certain medications, such as some antibiotics, bisphosphonates, and diuretics.[47] It is important to tell your doctor about all the supplements you are taking.[48]

Signs of a magnesium overdose or toxicity include:

Severe diarrhea
Muscle weakness
Irregular heartbeat
Low blood pressure

Certain groups should use magnesium oxide with caution. Pregnant women should check with their doctor before taking it.[49] People with kidney problems might need to avoid high doses.[50] Older adults may be more sensitive to its effects.[51]

Magnesium Oxide vs Other Magnesium Forms

There are various magnesium supplements available, each with its own characteristics. Some common forms include magnesium citrate, glycinate, and chloride.[52]

Magnesium oxide has a high magnesium content but is not as easily absorbed. Magnesium citrate and glycinate are absorbed more readily and are often recommended for correcting deficiencies.[53]

Let’s compare magnesium oxide to other common forms of magnesium:

Form	Pros	Cons
Magnesium Oxide	High elemental magnesium, Inexpensive	Low absorption, More likely to cause diarrhea
Magnesium Citrate	Better absorbed, Gentle laxative effect	May cause loose stools in high doses
Magnesium Glycinate	Well-absorbed, Less likely to cause diarrhea	More expensive

When choosing a magnesium supplement, think about what you need it for. If you need a laxative, magnesium oxide or citrate might be suitable.[54] If you want better absorption without digestive side effects, magnesium glycinate could be a good option.[55]

Non-Nutritional Uses of Magnesium Oxide

Magnesium oxide is used in many industrial applications. Its ability to withstand high temperatures makes it useful in refractory materials, which are used to line furnaces and kilns.[56]

Magnesium oxide is also used in environmental cleanup efforts. It can neutralize acidic wastewater.[57] It can also help remove heavy metals from polluted sites.[58]

Other common industrial uses for magnesium oxide include:

Cement production
Catalysts in chemical reactions
Electrical insulation
Fire-retardant additives

Scientists are continually researching new uses for magnesium oxide. They are exploring its potential in advanced ceramics and nanocomposites.[59] These materials might be useful in electronics and energy storage.[60]

Magnesium Oxide and Environmental Impact

The production of magnesium oxide has some environmental impacts. Mining magnesite ore can disrupt ecosystems.[61] The calcination process releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.[62]

However, magnesium oxide can also help the environment. It can reduce certain pollutants. For example, it can neutralize sulfur dioxide released from power plants.[63]

More and more efforts are being made to improve the sustainability of magnesium oxide production. Some manufacturers are looking into cleaner methods. These include using renewable energy for calcination.[64]

Recycling magnesium oxide is difficult but possible. Some industries are recovering and reusing it.[65] This helps to reduce waste and conserve resources.

As environmental concerns increase, the magnesium oxide industry is adapting. Producers are working to minimize their environmental impact by improving energy use and reducing emissions.[66]

FAQ

What is magnesium oxide used for?

Magnesium oxide has multiple uses. It serves as a dietary supplement to address magnesium deficiency. In medicine, it acts as an antacid and laxative. Industries use it in refractory materials, cement production, and environmental remediation.[67]

Is magnesium oxide safe to take daily?

For most people, taking magnesium oxide daily is safe when used as directed. However, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider. They can advise on the appropriate dosage based on your individual needs and health status.[68]

How does magnesium oxide compare to other magnesium supplements?

Magnesium oxide contains more elemental magnesium than other forms. However, it has lower bioavailability. This means your body absorbs less of it. Other forms like magnesium citrate or glycinate are often better absorbed.

Can magnesium oxide help with sleep?

Some people use magnesium oxide to improve sleep quality. Magnesium plays a role in regulating neurotransmitters that affect sleep. However, other forms of magnesium might be more effective due to better absorption.

What are the side effects of taking magnesium oxide?

Common side effects include digestive issues like diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramps. These effects are more likely with high doses. Severe side effects are rare but can include irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure.

How long does it take for magnesium oxide to work?

The time it takes for magnesium oxide to work depends on its use. As an antacid, it can provide relief within minutes. For constipation, it typically works within 6 hours. When used as a supplement, it may take weeks to notice any effects on overall magnesium levels.

Conclusion

Magnesium oxide is a versatile compound with many uses. In nutrition, it serves as a magnesium supplement, but it’s not absorbed as well as other forms. It’s also commonly used as an antacid and laxative.

Industries use magnesium oxide for various purposes. Its ability to withstand high temperatures and its role in environmental cleanup show its importance beyond nutritional uses. However, the way it’s produced can raise some environmental concerns that are being addressed.

When considering magnesium oxide as a supplement, weigh its benefits against potential side effects. Its high magnesium content makes it a cost-effective option, but its lower absorption is a drawback. Its laxative effect can be helpful for some, but a problem for others.

Always talk to a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement. They can help you decide if magnesium oxide is the right choice for you. While supplements can help, a balanced diet is still the best way to get essential nutrients.

As research continues, we will likely learn more about magnesium oxide’s effects and uses. Whether for health, industry, or environmental purposes, this compound will remain important in many fields.

Fact Check

[1]

Claim: Magnesium oxide is a compound appearing as a white powder.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is typically a white powder.

Magnesium oxide, in its pure form, is a white, odorless powder.

[2]

Claim: It has the chemical formula MgO, which means it’s made of one magnesium atom and one oxygen atom.

Fact check: True. The chemical formula for magnesium oxide is MgO.

The chemical formula MgO indicates a 1:1 ratio of magnesium to oxygen atoms.

[3]

Claim: This substance is created when magnesium and oxygen combine.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is formed by the combination of magnesium and oxygen.

Magnesium readily reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

[4]

Claim: In nature, magnesium oxide is found as the mineral periclase.

Fact check: True. Periclase is the natural mineral form of magnesium oxide.

Periclase is a naturally occurring mineral with the chemical composition of MgO.

[5]

Claim: However, most of the magnesium oxide used commercially comes from processing magnesite ore.

Fact check: True. Industrial production of magnesium oxide commonly uses magnesite ore as a source material.

Magnesite ore (magnesium carbonate) is heated (calcined) to produce magnesium oxide on an industrial scale.

[6]

Claim: It is also made by burning magnesium metal in air, a process that quickly combines magnesium and oxygen.

Fact check: True. Burning magnesium metal in air produces magnesium oxide.

Magnesium metal reacts vigorously with oxygen in the air to form magnesium oxide, releasing significant energy in the form of heat and light.

[7]

Claim: Magnesium oxide has many practical uses. It is found in dietary supplements, antacids, and laxatives.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is used in supplements, antacids, and laxatives.

Magnesium oxide is a common ingredient in dietary supplements to increase magnesium intake. It is also used as an antacid due to its ability to neutralize stomach acid, and as a laxative due to its osmotic effect in the intestines.

[8]

Claim: Various industries use it in the production of cement, ceramics, and fire-resistant materials.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide has industrial applications including cement, ceramics, and refractories.

Magnesium oxide is used as a component in some types of cement, in ceramics for its high melting point, and as a refractory material due to its heat resistance.

[9]

Claim: Magnesium oxide occurs naturally, though in small amounts. It can be found within igneous rocks and certain minerals.

Fact check: True. Naturally occurring magnesium oxide, as the mineral periclase, can be found in igneous rocks and certain minerals.

Periclase, the mineral form of magnesium oxide, is a component of some igneous rocks and minerals but not a major component.

[10]

Claim: Additionally, seawater contains very small amounts of this compound.

Fact check: True. Seawater contains trace amounts of magnesium oxide.

Seawater contains dissolved magnesium ions, which can contribute to trace amounts of magnesium oxide.

[11]

Claim: One common method involves heating magnesium carbonate, a process known as calcination.

Fact check: True. Calcination of magnesium carbonate is a common method for producing magnesium oxide.

Calcination is a high-temperature process that removes carbon dioxide from magnesium carbonate, leaving behind magnesium oxide.

[12]

Claim: This heating process releases carbon dioxide, leaving behind magnesium oxide.

Fact check: True. The calcination of magnesium carbonate releases carbon dioxide.

The chemical reaction of calcination is: MgCO3(s) → MgO(s) + CO2(g). The gaseous carbon dioxide is released from the solid magnesium carbonate.

[13]

Claim: Another way to produce magnesium oxide involves using seawater.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide can be extracted from seawater.

Magnesium is extracted from seawater by precipitation as magnesium hydroxide which is then calcined into magnesium oxide.

[14]

Claim: Lime is added to seawater, causing magnesium hydroxide to separate out.

Fact check: True. Adding lime to seawater precipitates magnesium hydroxide.

Adding lime (calcium hydroxide) to seawater increases the pH and causes magnesium to precipitate out as magnesium hydroxide.

[15]

Claim: This magnesium hydroxide is then heated to form magnesium oxide.

Fact check: True. Heating magnesium hydroxide produces magnesium oxide.

Magnesium hydroxide is calcined which removes water and creates magnesium oxide (Mg(OH)2 → MgO + H2O)

[16]

Claim: The quality of magnesium oxide can differ depending on how it’s made.

Fact check: True. The manufacturing process affects the quality of magnesium oxide.

The manufacturing method, temperature, and starting materials affect the particle size, surface area, and reactivity of the final magnesium oxide product.

[17]

Claim: Generally, higher temperatures produce denser, less reactive forms.

Fact check: True. Higher calcination temperatures generally result in denser and less reactive magnesium oxide.

High temperature calcination causes sintering of the magnesium oxide particles, resulting in reduced surface area and reactivity.

[18]

Claim: Magnesium is very important for human health. It plays a role in more than 300 enzyme systems in the body.

Fact check: True. Magnesium is essential for human health and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions.

Magnesium is a cofactor in hundreds of enzymatic reactions critical to human metabolism.

Source: “Editorial of Special Issue “Magnesium in Human Health and Disease”.” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34444647/

[19]

Claim: These systems regulate different processes including protein creation, muscle activity, and nerve signals.

Fact check: True. Magnesium plays a vital role in protein synthesis, muscle function, and nerve transmission.

Magnesium is crucial for normal cellular functions including protein synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve signal propagation.

Source: “The Role of Dietary Magnesium in Cardiovascular Disease” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644202/

[20]

Claim: Magnesium oxide contains a high amount of magnesium but is not easily absorbed by the body.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide has a high magnesium content but low bioavailability.

Magnesium oxide has a high percentage of magnesium per unit mass, but due to its low solubility, it is not easily absorbed in the digestive tract compared to other forms.

Source: “Predicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683096/

[21]

Claim: Other magnesium supplements, such as citrate or glycinate, are absorbed more effectively.

Fact check: True. Magnesium citrate and glycinate generally have better bioavailability than magnesium oxide.

Magnesium citrate and glycinate are more soluble and therefore better absorbed in the digestive tract.

Source: “Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163803/

[22]

Claim: Adult men should aim for around 400-420 mg per day.

Fact check: True. The recommended daily intake of magnesium for adult men is approximately 400-420 mg.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for magnesium varies based on age and sex, with adult men generally requiring 400-420 mg daily.

Source: “The Role of Dietary Magnesium in Cardiovascular Disease” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644202/

[23]

Claim: Women typically need 310-320 mg.

Fact check: True. The recommended daily intake of magnesium for adult women is approximately 310-320 mg.

The RDA for magnesium for adult women ranges between 310-320 mg daily.

Source: “The Role of Dietary Magnesium in Cardiovascular Disease” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644202/

[24]

Claim: Magnesium oxide is effective as an antacid. It quickly neutralizes stomach acid.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is an effective antacid that neutralizes stomach acid.

Magnesium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form magnesium chloride and water, thus neutralizing stomach acid.

Source: “Evidence for the interaction between antacid and gastric mucosa using an “artificial stomach” model including gastric mucosa” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1469628/

[25]

Claim: Many people use magnesium oxide to treat constipation. It works by drawing water into the intestines, which softens stool and helps with bowel movements.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is used to treat constipation by increasing water content in the intestines.

Magnesium oxide is an osmotic laxative that draws water into the intestinal lumen. This softens the stool, making it easier to pass.

Source: “Association of laxatives use with incident dementia and modifying effect of genetic susceptibility: a population-based cohort study with propensity score matching” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9985868/

[26]

Claim: This is why it’s considered an osmotic laxative.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide functions as an osmotic laxative.

Osmotic laxatives work by drawing water into the intestines via osmosis, increasing stool volume and facilitating bowel movements. Magnesium oxide works this way.

[27]

Claim: Magnesium oxide can provide temporary relief for acid reflux. It lowers the amount of acid in the stomach.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide can provide temporary relief from acid reflux by reducing stomach acid.

As an antacid, magnesium oxide neutralizes stomach acid, which can provide relief from acid reflux symptoms.

[28]

Claim: However, using it long-term for this purpose should be done with medical advice.

Fact check: True. Long term use of magnesium oxide for acid reflux should be done under medical supervision.

Long-term use of antacids can have side effects and may mask underlying conditions. Therefore, consulting a doctor is advisable.

[29]

Claim: Magnesium is important for building and maintaining strong bones. It helps control calcium levels in the body.

Fact check: True. Magnesium is essential for bone health and calcium regulation.

Magnesium plays a critical role in bone formation and metabolism and influences calcium levels, both essential for healthy bones.

Source: “Magnesium and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Insights” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38256228/

[30]

Claim: A large portion, about 60%, of the body’s magnesium is stored in bones.

Fact check: True. The majority of magnesium in the body is stored in bones.

Approximately 60% of the body’s magnesium is stored in bones with the remainder in cells and bodily fluids.

Source: “The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066206/

[31]

Claim: Magnesium oxide supplements may be beneficial for bone health. They can increase magnesium levels in the body, potentially helping to prevent conditions like osteoporosis.

Fact check: Potentially True, but with caveats. While magnesium supplements can raise magnesium levels, the impact of magnesium oxide specifically, on osteoporosis prevention needs further study.

While adequate magnesium intake is important for bone health, due to lower bioavailability magnesium oxide may not be the most effective option and more studies are needed to determine its specific impact on osteoporosis. Other forms may be more beneficial.

[32]

Claim: To best support bone health, remember that magnesium works with other nutrients. Calcium and vitamin D are important for maintaining strong bones.

Fact check: True. Magnesium works synergistically with calcium and vitamin D for bone health.

Adequate intake of magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D is essential for optimal bone health and strength. They work in conjunction with each other.

[33]

Claim: Magnesium plays a role in muscle function, helping them contract and relax. It regulates calcium movement in muscle cells.

Fact check: True. Magnesium is crucial for muscle contraction and relaxation and regulates calcium transport in muscle cells.

Magnesium plays a role in muscle contraction and relaxation by regulating calcium influx and efflux. The proper balance is essential for normal muscle function.

[34]

Claim: Some people use magnesium oxide for muscle cramps and soreness. It may help to relax tense muscles.

Fact check: Potentially True, but requires more research. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting magnesium oxide may help with muscle cramps, but more studies are needed for confirmation.

Some individuals report a reduction in muscle cramps and soreness with magnesium oxide supplements; however, more clinical studies are needed to determine efficacy and optimal dosing. Other forms of magnesium might be more effective due to their increased bioavailability.

[35]

Claim: Athletes sometimes take magnesium supplements, thinking it will improve their performance and recovery. While magnesium is important for muscle health, the specific benefits of magnesium oxide for athletes are not entirely clear.

Fact check: True. While magnesium is important for athletes, the benefits of magnesium oxide are not clear due to lower bioavailability.

Magnesium deficiency can impair athletic performance, but due to its lower bioavailability, magnesium oxide is not the most effective option for supplementation. Other forms are preferred.

Source: “The Role of Dietary Magnesium in Cardiovascular Disease” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644202/

[36]

Claim: The heart needs magnesium to function correctly. It helps regulate heart rhythm and plays a part in controlling blood pressure.

Fact check: True. Magnesium is crucial for proper heart function, regulating heart rhythm, and blood pressure.

Magnesium is involved in many aspects of cardiac function, including muscle contraction, electrical conductivity, and blood vessel relaxation.

[37]

Claim: Some studies suggest magnesium oxide supplements might be good for heart health. They may help lower blood pressure in some individuals.

Fact check: Potentially True, but more research needed. Some studies suggest a correlation between magnesium supplementation and lower blood pressure, but results are not consistent and further studies are necessary to confirm.

Some studies indicate that magnesium supplementation may help to lower blood pressure. Magnesium oxide may have this effect, but due to its lower bioavailability other forms of magnesium might have a more pronounced effect.

[38]

Claim: If you are considering magnesium for your heart health, talk with your doctor.

Fact check: True. It is advisable to consult a doctor before starting any supplement for heart health.

Consulting a doctor before starting a supplement ensures it is appropriate and safe for your situation, and is important for avoiding any potential interactions with other medications you are taking.

[39]

Claim: Bioavailability refers to how much of a substance the body can actually use. It’s an important factor to consider when choosing supplements.

Fact check: True. Bioavailability is the proportion of a substance that can be absorbed and used by the body.

Bioavailability determines the extent to which a nutrient or substance will have a physiological effect.

[40]

Claim: Magnesium oxide has lower bioavailability compared to other forms of magnesium.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide has lower bioavailability compared to other forms like citrate or glycinate.

Magnesium oxide’s lower solubility makes it less easily absorbed by the body compared to more soluble forms of magnesium.

Source: “Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163803/

[41]

Claim: Keep in mind that even with its lower absorption rate, magnesium oxide can still contribute to your overall magnesium intake.

Fact check: True. Despite lower bioavailability, magnesium oxide can still contribute to overall magnesium intake.

While magnesium oxide is less absorbed than other forms, it still can contribute to your daily magnesium intake; it may just require a higher dosage to acheive the same effect.

[42]

Claim: The typical dose of magnesium oxide varies depending on its use. For general supplementation, 200-400 mg per day is common.

Fact check: True. For general supplementation, typical daily dosages of magnesium oxide range from 200-400 mg.

Dosages vary based on needs and tolerance but a range of 200-400 mg daily is typical for supplementation purposes.

[43]

Claim: When used as a laxative, the dose might range from 400-1200 mg.

Fact check: True. As a laxative, magnesium oxide dosages can range from 400-1200 mg.

Higher doses of magnesium oxide are used for its laxative effect; dosages range from 400-1200 mg, but should be determined with medical advice.

[44]

Claim: Consider the timing when you take magnesium oxide. For general use, dividing the dose throughout the day may be helpful.

Fact check: True. Dividing daily doses of magnesium oxide is recommended to help maximize absorption and minimize side effects.

Dividing the daily magnesium oxide dose may help to improve absorption and reduce the risk of digestive discomfort.

[45]

Claim: If you’re using it as a sleep aid, taking it before bedtime might be beneficial.

Fact check: True. Taking magnesium oxide before bedtime may be helpful as a sleep aid.

Magnesium plays a role in relaxation and sleep. Taking it before bedtime can help aid sleep, but effectiveness can vary between individuals and other forms of magnesium may be more effective.

[46]

Claim: These effects typically occur with higher doses, particularly when using magnesium oxide as a laxative.

Fact check: True. Side effects like diarrhea and nausea are more likely at higher doses, especially when used as a laxative.

The osmotic effects of high-dose magnesium oxide can cause digestive discomfort including diarrhea, bloating, nausea, and cramping.

[47]

Claim: Magnesium can interact with certain medications, such as some antibiotics, bisphosphonates, and diuretics.

Fact check: True. Magnesium can interact with some medications.

Magnesium can interact with tetracycline antibiotics, bisphosphonates, and diuretics, affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects.

Source: “The Interactions of Magnesium Sulfate and Cromoglycate in a Rat Model of Orofacial Pain; The Role of Magnesium on Mast Cell Degranulation in Neuroinflammation” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094402/

[48]

Claim: It is important to tell your doctor about all the supplements you are taking.

Fact check: True. Informing your doctor about all supplements is critical for medication management.

It is necessary to tell your doctor about all supplements and medications you take to identify potential harmful interactions.

[49]

Claim: Certain groups should use magnesium oxide with caution. Pregnant women should check with their doctor before taking it.

Fact check: True. Pregnant women should consult with a doctor before using magnesium oxide.

Due to potential risks and the lack of comprehensive studies, pregnant women should only take magnesium supplements under the guidance of a doctor.

[50]

Claim: People with kidney problems might need to avoid high doses.

Fact check: True. Individuals with kidney problems may need to limit or avoid high doses of magnesium oxide.

People with kidney dysfunction may not be able to process magnesium properly, leading to accumulation and potential toxicity. It is best to consult a doctor before taking a magnesium supplement.

[51]

Claim: Older adults may be more sensitive to its effects.

Fact check: True. Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of magnesium oxide.

Age related changes can affect absorption, processing, and excretion of medications and supplements. Older adults may be at higher risk for experiencing side effects from magnesium oxide.

[52]

Claim: Some common forms include magnesium citrate, glycinate, and chloride.

Fact check: True. Magnesium citrate, glycinate, and chloride are common forms of magnesium supplements.

Magnesium citrate, glycinate, and chloride are common supplements used to improve magnesium levels due to better absorption rates.

[53]

Claim: Magnesium oxide has a high magnesium content but is not as easily absorbed. Magnesium citrate and glycinate are absorbed more readily and are often recommended for correcting deficiencies.

Fact check: True. Magnesium citrate and glycinate have better bioavailability than magnesium oxide.

Magnesium oxide has a high magnesium content but low bioavailability; citrate and glycinate have higher absorption rates and are often preferred for supplementing magnesium.

Source: “Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163803/

[54]

Claim: If you need a laxative, magnesium oxide or citrate might be suitable.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide and citrate are commonly used as laxatives.

Both magnesium oxide and citrate work as osmotic laxatives and are used to treat constipation.

[55]

Claim: If you want better absorption without digestive side effects, magnesium glycinate could be a good option.

Fact check: True. Magnesium glycinate has better bioavailability and fewer digestive side effects.

Magnesium glycinate is a more easily absorbed form of magnesium that is less likely to cause digestive side effects.

Source: “Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163803/

[56]

Claim: Magnesium oxide is used in many industrial applications. Its ability to withstand high temperatures makes it useful in refractory materials, which are used to line furnaces and kilns.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide’s heat resistance makes it useful in refractory materials.

Magnesium oxide has a high melting point and is used as a refractory material to line furnaces and kilns.

[57]

Claim: Magnesium oxide is also used in environmental cleanup efforts. It can neutralize acidic wastewater.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is used in environmental remediation to neutralize acidic wastewater.

Magnesium oxide neutralizes acids and is useful in treating acidic wastewater.

[58]

Claim: It can also help remove heavy metals from polluted sites.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide can be used to remove heavy metals from polluted sites.

Magnesium oxide can bind to heavy metals, making them less mobile and accessible for remediation purposes.

Source: “Covalent and Non-covalent Functionalized Nanomaterials for Environmental Restoration” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372017/

[59]

Claim: Scientists are continually researching new uses for magnesium oxide. They are exploring its potential in advanced ceramics and nanocomposites.

Fact check: True. Research is ongoing for new applications of magnesium oxide in advanced materials.

Magnesium oxide is being actively researched for use in advanced ceramics, nanocomposites, and other technological applications.

Source: “Synthesis, Properties, and Selected Technical Applications of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34884556/

[60]

Claim: These materials might be useful in electronics and energy storage.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide is being explored for use in electronics and energy storage.

Magnesium oxide has properties that make it suitable for applications in electronics and energy storage devices. More research is needed for commercial applications.

[61]

Claim: The production of magnesium oxide has some environmental impacts. Mining magnesite ore can disrupt ecosystems.

Fact check: True. Mining magnesite ore has environmental impacts.

Mining magnesite ore can result in habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water pollution.

[62]

Claim: The calcination process releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.

Fact check: True. Calcination of magnesium carbonate releases carbon dioxide, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.

Calcination of magnesite ore releases carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and contributes to climate change.

[63]

Claim: However, magnesium oxide can also help the environment. It can reduce certain pollutants. For example, it can neutralize sulfur dioxide released from power plants.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide can be used to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants.

Magnesium oxide can be used in flue gas desulfurization systems to neutralize sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants.

[64]

Claim: More and more efforts are being made to improve the sustainability of magnesium oxide production. Some manufacturers are looking into cleaner methods. These include using renewable energy for calcination.

Fact check: True. Efforts are being made to improve the sustainability of magnesium oxide production, including the use of renewable energy sources.

Manufacturers are exploring alternatives including using renewable energy for calcination to reduce carbon footprint and improve environmental sustainability.

[65]

Claim: Recycling magnesium oxide is difficult but possible. Some industries are recovering and reusing it.

Fact check: True. Recycling of magnesium oxide is challenging but some industries recover and reuse it.

Due to the varied uses and processing of magnesium oxide, recycling can be difficult, but some industries are beginning to recycle and reuse magnesium oxide in their production processes.

[66]

Claim: As environmental concerns increase, the magnesium oxide industry is adapting. Producers are working to minimize their environmental impact by improving energy use and reducing emissions.

Fact check: True. The magnesium oxide industry is adapting to reduce its environmental impact.

The magnesium oxide industry is increasing efforts to implement more sustainable and eco-friendly practices.

[67]

Claim: Magnesium oxide has multiple uses. It serves as a dietary supplement to address magnesium deficiency. In medicine, it acts as an antacid and laxative. Industries use it in refractory materials, cement production, and environmental remediation.

Fact check: True. Magnesium oxide has multiple uses including a dietary supplement, an antacid/laxative and in industrial applications.

Magnesium oxide is used in various applications, including dietary supplements, antacids, laxatives, refractory materials, cement production and environmental remediation.

[68]

Claim: For most people, taking magnesium oxide daily is safe when used as directed. However, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider. They can advise on the appropriate dosage based on your individual needs and health status.

Fact check: True. While generally safe, it’s best to consult a doctor before taking magnesium oxide supplements, to determine the appropriate dosage.

For general health, it is always recommended to consult with a doctor before starting any new supplement to determine appropriate dosage, and to screen for possible interactions with medications.