Table of Contents

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM): Side Effects

Takeaways

  • MSM is a sulfur-containing compound used as a dietary supplement
  • Common side effects include digestive issues and skin reactions
  • Dosage affects the likelihood of experiencing side effects
  • MSM may interact with certain medications
  • Long-term effects of MSM use require further research
  • Consult a healthcare provider before starting MSM supplementation

What is MSM?

Methylsulfonylmethane, often called MSM, is a compound that contains sulfur. It’s a popular dietary supplement. While MSM is found naturally in some foods and in the human body, supplements provide a higher concentration.

MSM has a simple chemical makeup, consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and methyl groups.[1] This structure allows it to take part in various processes within the body. The sulfur in MSM is why it’s frequently used by people looking to support their joint health.[2]

MSM has become increasingly popular as a supplement recently. People use it for several reasons, including managing joint pain, reducing swelling, and helping with skin health. Its use has expanded from traditional medicine into the broader wellness field.

How MSM Works in the Body

Absorption and Distribution

When you take MSM by mouth, your body absorbs it quickly.[3] Your digestive system processes MSM effectively. It then enters your bloodstream and travels to different parts of your body. The small size of MSM molecules helps it easily pass through cell membranes.

How well your body absorbs MSM can be affected by several things. These include the form of the supplement and how healthy your digestive system is. Some research suggests that taking MSM with vitamin C might help with absorption.[4] However, more studies are needed to fully understand this.

Cellular Effects

Inside your cells, MSM interacts with different structures and processes. It may change how easily things pass through cell membranes. This could affect how cells communicate and work. MSM also seems to have antioxidant qualities.[5]

Studies suggest that MSM might help reduce swelling and oxidative stress.[6] It may do this by affecting certain cell pathways. These effects could explain some of the benefits people report from MSM. However, scientists are still working to fully understand how it works.

Compound Main Cellular Effects Potential Benefits
MSM Membrane permeability, antioxidant activity Reduced inflammation, joint support
Glucosamine Cartilage synthesis Joint health
Chondroitin Water retention in cartilage Joint cushioning

This table shows how MSM’s effects on cells compare to other common joint supplements. While each supplement works in its own way, they all aim to support joint health. The specific properties of MSM make it different from other supplements that contain sulfur.

Common Side Effects

While many people can take MSM without issues, some do experience side effects. How severe or how often these side effects occur can differ from person to person. Knowing about common side effects helps people make informed choices about using MSM.

Common, mild side effects of MSM include:

  • Stomach discomfort
  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • Insomnia
  • Itching

These side effects often appear when you first start taking MSM.[7] They may lessen as your body gets used to the supplement. However, some people continue to experience problems even with long-term use.

The exact reasons for these side effects are not fully understood. Some may be due to how MSM affects cell functions. Others might be caused by individual sensitivities or how MSM interacts with other substances.

There is limited research on how common MSM side effects are. Personal reports suggest that many people do not have significant problems. However, well-controlled studies are needed to find out the true rates of side effects.

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Digestive Discomfort

Stomach-related issues are among the most common side effects reported with MSM.[8] These can include feeling bloated, having gas, and general discomfort in the digestive system. The severity of these symptoms varies from person to person.

Several things might cause digestive issues with MSM. The sulfur content could affect the balance of bacteria in the gut. MSM might also increase the amount of acid your stomach produces. Additionally, your body might need time to adjust to processing higher amounts of sulfur.

Nausea and Diarrhea

Some people taking MSM report feeling sick to their stomach or having diarrhea.[9] These symptoms can be uncomfortable. They often happen shortly after taking MSM supplements.

The exact cause of these symptoms is not clear. They might be a result of how MSM affects the digestive system. Individual sensitivities may also play a role. Taking MSM with food might help reduce these effects. Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it could also help.

Skin-Related Side Effects

Itching and Rashes

Skin reactions are another possible side effect of MSM.[10] Some people experience itching or develop rashes after taking MSM. These symptoms can range from mild to severe.

The reasons behind these skin effects are not fully understood. MSM’s influence on cellular processes could affect skin cells. Some people might have allergic reactions to MSM or other ingredients in the supplement. Individual skin sensitivity could also contribute.

Acne

Reports on how MSM affects acne are mixed.[11] Some people say MSM improves their skin, while others report breakouts. This difference makes it hard to know for sure how MSM impacts acne.

MSM’s potential effects on how much oil your skin produces might influence acne. Its anti-inflammatory qualities could also play a role. More research is needed to understand these conflicting reports. Individual skin types and other factors likely contribute to the different responses.

Headaches and Fatigue

Some people who take MSM report headaches or feeling tired.[12] These symptoms can be mild or more severe. They often happen when starting MSM or increasing the dose.

The exact reasons for these symptoms are not clear. MSM’s effect on cell processes may influence energy levels. Changes in blood flow or how the nervous system works could contribute to headaches. Individual sensitivities and overall health might also be factors.

To manage these side effects, try changing your MSM dose. Taking the supplement at a different time of day might also help. Drinking enough water and eating a balanced diet can support your well-being while taking MSM.

Allergic Reactions

Although rare, allergic reactions to MSM can occur.[13] These reactions can be serious and need immediate medical care. It’s important to know the signs of an allergic reaction.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:

  • Severe rash or hives
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Dizziness or fainting

If you experience these symptoms after taking MSM, get medical help right away. Stop using the supplement and tell your doctor about the reaction. Allergic reactions can be life-threatening and require quick treatment.

Long-Term Side Effects

Our understanding of the long-term effects of MSM is still developing. Most studies on MSM have looked at short-term use.[14] More research is needed to fully understand the effects of taking MSM for a long time.

Current information suggests that MSM is generally safe for long-term use. However, people respond differently. Some people report continued benefits, while others experience fewer benefits over time.

Duration Known Effects Potential Concerns
Short-term (< 3 months) Generally well-tolerated, mild side effects Individual sensitivities
Medium-term (3-12 months) Continued benefits reported by some users Possible adaptation or tolerance
Long-term (> 1 year) Limited data available Unknown effects on body systems

This table shows what we know about using MSM over different periods. While short-term use seems safe for most people, we need to study long-term effects further. Ongoing research will help clarify the safety of using MSM for extended periods.

Drug Interactions

MSM might interact with certain medications.[15] These interactions could change how well the drugs work or increase side effects. Understanding possible interactions is important for using MSM safely.

Medications that might interact with MSM include:

  • Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Certain diabetes medications
  • Some antidepressants

MSM’s effects on blood clotting and swelling could affect how these medications work. It may also change how your body processes certain drugs. Always talk to your doctor before using MSM with other medications.

Dosage and Side Effect Risk

The risk of side effects from MSM often depends on the dose. Higher doses generally increase the chance of unwanted effects.[16] Finding the right balance is important for getting the most benefits while minimizing risks.

Recommended doses of MSM vary depending on what it’s being used for. Common doses range from 500 mg to 6 grams per day.[17] Some studies have used even higher doses. Starting with a lower dose and slowly increasing it can help reduce side effects.

Steps to safely start taking MSM:

  1. Start with a low dose (e.g., 500 mg per day)
  2. Monitor for any side effects
  3. Gradually increase the dose over several weeks
  4. Stay within recommended dosage ranges
  5. Consult a healthcare provider if side effects occur

Following these steps can help you find a dose of MSM that works well for you. Remember that people react differently. What works for one person might not be right for another.

Special Populations and MSM Side Effects

Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women

The safety of MSM during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well known.[18] There is limited research on how MSM affects fetal development or breast milk. Because of this lack of information, many experts advise caution.

Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult their doctors before using MSM. The potential benefits might not outweigh the unknown risks. Other treatments with more safety information might be better during these times.

Elderly Individuals

As you get older, your body might process supplements like MSM differently. Older adults might be more sensitive to its effects.[19] They may also have health conditions or take medications that interact with MSM.

Older people should be careful when starting to use MSM. Starting with low doses can help determine how well they tolerate it. Regular check-ups with a doctor are important. This ensures that using MSM stays safe and helpful as health needs change over time.

Minimizing Side Effects

While side effects can happen with MSM, there are several things you can do to reduce the risks. Being careful when taking supplements can make your experience with MSM better.

Steps to reduce the risk of MSM side effects:

  1. Choose a high-quality, reputable MSM product
  2. Start with a low dose and increase gradually
  3. Take MSM with food to reduce stomach discomfort
  4. Stay hydrated throughout the day
  5. Monitor your body’s response closely

Paying attention to the quality of your supplement is important. Look for products that have been tested by a third party for purity and strength.[20] This can help reduce the risk of contaminants that might cause side effects.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many MSM side effects are mild, some situations require medical care. Knowing when to seek help ensures your safety when using MSM supplements.

Symptoms that mean you should get medical help right away include:

  • Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
  • Persistent or severe stomach pain
  • Unexplained bruising or bleeding
  • Significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure
  • Severe skin reactions that don’t improve

If you experience these symptoms, stop taking MSM and seek medical help immediately. Bring your supplement bottle to your appointment. This helps your healthcare provider understand what might be causing your symptoms.

Alternatives to MSM

If you’re worried about MSM side effects, there are other options. These supplements aim to provide similar benefits but work in different ways. Knowing about these options can help you make informed choices about supporting your joint and overall health.

Common alternatives to MSM include:

  • Glucosamine
  • Chondroitin
  • Collagen
  • Omega-3 fatty acids
  • Turmeric/Curcumin

Each of these supplements has its own potential benefits and side effects. For example, glucosamine is often used for joint health but may affect blood sugar. Omega-3s help reduce swelling but can affect blood thinning.

Supplement Primary Use Potential Side Effects
MSM Joint health, inflammation Digestive issues, skin reactions
Glucosamine Joint health Blood sugar changes, shellfish allergy concerns
Chondroitin Joint cushioning Stomach discomfort, potential bleeding risk
Collagen Skin and joint health Digestive issues, allergic reactions
Omega-3s Inflammation reduction Fishy aftertaste, potential bleeding risk

This table provides a summary of alternatives to MSM. Consider talking about these options with a doctor. They can help you decide which supplement is best for your needs and health.

FAQ: People Also Ask

What is MSM used for?
MSM is primarily used as a dietary supplement for joint health support.[21] People also use it for reducing inflammation, supporting skin health, and managing oxidative stress. Some athletes use MSM for recovery after intense exercise.

Can MSM cause liver damage?
There’s no strong evidence that MSM causes liver damage when used as directed.[22] However, limited long-term studies exist. People with liver conditions should consult a doctor before using MSM. Monitoring liver function during extended use may be advisable.

How long does it take for MSM to work?
The time it takes to notice effects from MSM varies. Some people report improvements in joint comfort within a few weeks.[23] Others may need several months of consistent use. Individual responses differ based on factors like dosage, overall health, and the specific condition being addressed.

Is MSM safe to take daily?
Many people take MSM daily without issues. Studies have shown it to be generally safe for short-term use.[24] However, long-term safety data is limited. Starting with a lower dose and monitoring for side effects is advisable. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice on daily use.

Can MSM interact with blood thinners?
MSM might interact with blood thinners like warfarin.[25] It may increase the blood-thinning effect, potentially raising bleeding risk. If you take blood thinners, consult your doctor before using MSM. They may need to adjust your medication dosage or recommend closer monitoring.

Does MSM affect blood pressure?
MSM’s effects on blood pressure aren’t well-established.[26] Some studies suggest it might have a mild impact on blood pressure, but results are inconsistent. People with hypertension or those taking blood pressure medications should discuss MSM use with their healthcare provider.

Understanding common questions about MSM can help you make informed decisions about using it. Remember that experiences with supplements can differ from person to person. What works well for one person may not be suitable for another. Always talk to a healthcare professional for personal advice about MSM or any other dietary supplement.

MSM may offer benefits for joint health and general well-being. However, it’s important to use it carefully. By knowing the possible side effects and following good practices, you can make informed choices about MSM supplements. Remember to consult healthcare providers, especially if you have health conditions or take medications. With proper care and attention, MSM can be a helpful addition to many people’s health routines.

Fact Check
Claim: MSM has a simple chemical makeup, consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and methyl groups.
Fact check: True. MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2SO2.

The chemical structure of MSM consists of two methyl groups (CH3) bonded to a sulfonyl group (SO2). This makes the claim that it contains sulfur, oxygen, and methyl groups accurate.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28300758/

Claim: The sulfur in MSM is why it’s frequently used by people looking to support their joint health.
Fact check: Partially True. While sulfur is an essential element for joint health, the exact mechanisms of how MSM supports joint health are not entirely clear.

Sulfur is a crucial component in connective tissues such as cartilage. However, more research is needed to define exactly how the sulfur in MSM affects joint health.

Source: “Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29018060/

Claim: When you take MSM by mouth, your body absorbs it quickly.
Fact check: True. MSM is readily absorbed from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

MSM has high bioavailability and can be easily absorbed from the digestive tract, allowing it to rapidly enter the bloodstream and become available throughout the body.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372953/

Claim: Some research suggests that taking MSM with vitamin C might help with absorption.
Fact check: Potentially True, but more research is needed. Some preliminary studies suggest a possible interaction, but further investigation is required.

A few studies hint at vitamin C potentially influencing the absorption or efficacy of MSM, however, the evidence isn’t definitive. More research is needed to understand the effects of this combination.

Claim: MSM also seems to have antioxidant qualities.
Fact check: True. Studies have shown that MSM exhibits antioxidant properties.

Research indicates that MSM can act as an antioxidant, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. This suggests a role for MSM in protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372953/

Claim: Studies suggest that MSM might help reduce swelling and oxidative stress.
Fact check: True. Studies have shown MSM can have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Research indicates that MSM may help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, which are factors in various health conditions.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372953/

Claim: These side effects often appear when you first start taking MSM.
Fact check: True. Some mild side effects, particularly gastrointestinal issues, are more common when starting MSM supplementation.

Side effects like bloating, gas, and stomach discomfort are sometimes reported by individuals when initially using MSM. These tend to decrease over time as the body adjusts.

Claim: Stomach-related issues are among the most common side effects reported with MSM.
Fact check: True. Gastrointestinal issues, such as bloating and gas, are frequently reported side effects of MSM supplementation.

Many individuals report experiencing stomach issues when taking MSM, particularly initially, including bloating, gas, and general discomfort. The sulfur content may play a role.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane Improves Knee Quality of Life in Participants with Mild Knee Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346176/

Claim: Some people taking MSM report feeling sick to their stomach or having diarrhea.
Fact check: True. Nausea and diarrhea are reported side effects of MSM supplementation in some individuals.

Nausea and diarrhea are among the gastrointestinal side effects experienced by a subset of individuals taking MSM. These are typically mild and can sometimes be mitigated by taking MSM with food.

Claim: Skin reactions are another possible side effect of MSM.
Fact check: True. Skin rashes and itching have been reported as potential side effects of MSM.

Although not as common as gastrointestinal issues, some individuals may experience skin reactions, including rashes and itching, after taking MSM supplements. Allergic reactions are possible.

Claim: Reports on how MSM affects acne are mixed.
Fact check: True. There is conflicting anecdotal evidence on whether MSM improves or worsens acne.

Some individuals report that MSM improves their skin and reduces acne, while others claim that it leads to breakouts. The results vary from person to person, with the effect not well understood.

Claim: Some people who take MSM report headaches or feeling tired.
Fact check: True. Headaches and fatigue are reported as potential side effects by some users of MSM.

Some individuals experience headaches and fatigue while taking MSM supplements, especially when starting or increasing the dose. The exact causes of these side effects are not well understood.

Claim: Although rare, allergic reactions to MSM can occur.
Fact check: True. While uncommon, allergic reactions to MSM are possible.

Allergic reactions are uncommon, but they may occur with MSM supplementation and can range from mild to severe. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing and should be treated as a medical emergency.

Claim: Most studies on MSM have looked at short-term use.
Fact check: True. A majority of clinical trials of MSM focus on short-term use.

Most studies investigating the effectiveness and safety of MSM supplements have been conducted over relatively short periods, typically lasting a few weeks or months. More research is needed to study long-term use.

Claim: MSM might interact with certain medications.
Fact check: True. MSM has the potential to interact with some medications.

MSM might interact with certain drugs by altering how they work or increasing their side effects, such as potentially with blood thinners or medications processed by the liver. Consult a healthcare provider before using MSM, especially if you are on medications.

Claim: Higher doses generally increase the chance of unwanted effects.
Fact check: True. The likelihood of experiencing side effects from MSM tends to increase with higher doses.

The probability of experiencing side effects, particularly gastrointestinal issues, is often higher with increased doses of MSM. It is advised to start with lower dosages and increase it gradually while monitoring for any adverse reactions.

Claim: Common doses range from 500 mg to 6 grams per day.
Fact check: True. Recommended doses of MSM typically range from 500mg to 6g daily.

Common dosages for MSM supplements typically fall within the 500 mg to 6 grams per day range, although it can vary according to health conditions and treatment goals. However, one must consult a health professional to determine what is the appropriate dosage.

Claim: The safety of MSM during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well known.
Fact check: True. There is limited research on the use of MSM during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The effects of MSM on fetal development and breast milk are not well studied. Many health professionals advise against its use during pregnancy or breastfeeding because of the limited data and to err on the side of caution.

Claim: Older adults might be more sensitive to its effects.
Fact check: True. Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of MSM.

Due to age-related changes in physiology and metabolism, older adults may exhibit more sensitivity to MSM. Starting with lower doses, regular medical check ups and monitoring for adverse events are encouraged.

Claim: Look for products that have been tested by a third party for purity and strength.
Fact check: True. Choosing third-party tested products can help ensure quality and safety.

Third-party testing provides an additional layer of quality control, confirming that the supplement contains the amount of MSM it claims, and that it is free from contamination. This helps reduce the risk of side effects.

Claim: MSM is primarily used as a dietary supplement for joint health support.
Fact check: True. Joint health support is one of the primary reasons people take MSM supplements.

MSM is widely used to help support joint health, due to the role of sulfur in connective tissue and the proposed effects in reducing inflammation. However, other benefits may also play a role, such as reducing oxidative stress.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28300758/

Claim: There’s no strong evidence that MSM causes liver damage when used as directed.
Fact check: True. Current research does not indicate that MSM causes liver damage when taken as directed.

Studies do not show a strong correlation between MSM supplementation and liver damage in healthy individuals using the supplement as directed. People with liver conditions should consult their healthcare provider before using MSM.

Claim: Some people report improvements in joint comfort within a few weeks.
Fact check: True. Some individuals report experiencing positive effects on joint comfort within a few weeks of starting MSM.

While results may vary from person to person, some individuals report noticing an improvement in joint comfort within a couple of weeks of consistent use of MSM.

Claim: Studies have shown it to be generally safe for short-term use.
Fact check: True. MSM has generally been found to be safe for short-term use in clinical trials.

Clinical trials on MSM have not shown any serious adverse events when used for short durations. However, studies on long term safety are limited.

Source: “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28300758/

Claim: MSM might interact with blood thinners like warfarin.
Fact check: True. MSM may increase the effects of blood thinning medications.

MSM could potentiate the effects of blood thinners, which can raise the risk of bleeding. People on blood thinning medications should consult their doctors before taking MSM and may require dosage adjustments or monitoring.

Claim: MSM’s effects on blood pressure aren’t well-established.
Fact check: True. The effects of MSM on blood pressure are inconsistent and not well understood.

While some studies suggest that MSM might have mild effects on blood pressure, the evidence is inconsistent. More research is needed to understand these effects, and consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended for individuals with hypertension.


Medically reviewed and fact checked

Colors Nutrition does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.