Takeaways
- Rhamnus cathartica contains anthraquinones with laxative effects
- Its berries and bark have traditional medicinal uses
- Supplements may aid digestion but can cause side effects
- Uncontrolled growth harms ecosystems in non-native regions
- More research is needed on long-term safety and efficacy
- Consult a doctor before using due to potential interactions
Understanding Rhamnus Cathartica
Rhamnus cathartica, commonly called buckthorn, purging buckthorn, or European buckthorn, is a shrub or small tree that can grow to 20-25 feet tall.[1] Its bark is dark with light-colored spots, known as lenticels, visible on its surface.[2]
Buckthorn leaves have an oval shape and serrated edges, growing in an opposite pattern along the branches.[3] In the spring, small yellowish-green flowers appear, which then develop into dark purple berries by late summer, each containing 3-4 seeds.[4]
People have used buckthorn for centuries, with ancient healers using it as a laxative.[5] While some still use it for digestive issues today, its invasive nature raises concerns, and many areas are now working to control its spread.
Origin and Distribution
Native Habitats
Originating from Europe and western Asia, Rhamnus cathartica is adaptable to various environments, thriving in woodlands, hedgerows, and along riverbanks.[6] It grows in different soil types such as sandy, loamy, or clay soils.[7]
Buckthorn is known for its ability to tolerate a wide range of climate conditions, surviving both cold winters and hot summers. This adaptability contributes to its easy spread, although natural factors such as predators and competitors help control its growth in its native regions.
Global Presence
Buckthorn was introduced to North America in the 1800s as an ornamental shrub.[8] The berries attracted birds, which facilitated its rapid spread, and it now grows wild in numerous U.S. states and Canadian provinces.[9]
Buckthorn poses problems in its non-native habitats, outcompeting local plants for resources, and forming dense thickets that prevent the growth of other species, disrupting local ecosystems.[10] Due to these issues, it’s often classified as an invasive species, with efforts focused on removal and spread prevention.
Nutritional Profile
Rhamnus cathartica contains various compounds that contribute to its reported health effects, with the berries and bark containing the majority of the active ingredients, so let’s examine the plant’s composition.
Nutrient | Amount per 100g |
---|---|
Calories | 45 |
Carbohydrates | 11g |
Fiber | 3g |
Protein | 1g |
Fat | 0.5g |
Vitamin C | 15mg |
Calcium | 25mg |
Iron | 1mg |
While buckthorn berries contain some vitamins and minerals, their primary components are anthraquinones, which are responsible for the plant’s laxative effect.[11] The bark also contains other compounds such as tannins and flavonoids.
Buckthorn berries are lower in sugar and higher in fiber compared to fruits like apples or pears, but consuming large quantities is not advised, as the active compounds can cause digestive discomfort.[12]
Health Benefits
Digestive Health
Rhamnus cathartica has a strong effect on the digestive system, mainly used to relieve constipation. The anthraquinones stimulate bowel movements by increasing water in the intestines, softening stool, and promoting elimination.[13]
In traditional medicine, buckthorn was used as a purgative to “cleanse” the system, and today it is still used for occasional constipation relief, although doctors do not recommend it for long-term use as it may lead to dependence and electrolyte imbalances.[14]
Potential digestive benefits include:
- Relief from occasional constipation
- Increased bowel movement frequency
- Softer stool consistency
Antioxidant Properties
Buckthorn contains antioxidant compounds that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are molecules that can harm cells over time.[15] Antioxidants work by neutralizing these harmful molecules.
Flavonoids found in buckthorn act as antioxidants and may help reduce inflammation in the body.[16] Some studies suggest that this could have an overall benefit on health, but further research is needed to confirm these potential effects.
Other Potential Benefits
People have traditionally used buckthorn for various health issues, with some claiming it can help with liver and gallbladder problems, as well as skin conditions or reducing fever.[17] These uses are based on historical practices.
Many of these purported benefits have not been confirmed by modern scientific research.[18] Although some early studies show potential, more research is required to understand how buckthorn affects health, so caution is advised, and consulting a healthcare provider before trying any new treatment is recommended.
Supplementation Methods
Forms of Supplements
Rhamnus cathartica is available in several supplement forms, each with its own use and potency. Common forms include:
- Dried berries
- Bark extracts
- Liquid tinctures
- Capsules or tablets
- Teas
The choice of supplement form often depends on individual preference and ease of use. Capsules offer consistent dosing, teas provide a gentler effect, while liquid forms allow for dosage flexibility.
Dosage Considerations
Proper dosage of Rhamnus cathartica is very important, as too little may not produce the desired effect, while too much can cause serious side effects.[19] It’s always best to start with the lowest dose that is effective.
Consulting a healthcare provider is essential for safe usage, as they can give guidance on appropriate dosage. Factors such as age, health status, and any medications can affect how a dose should be administered, and it is important not to exceed the recommended amounts on product labels.
Form | Typical Dosage Range |
---|---|
Dried berries | 2-5 grams |
Bark extract | 20-30 mg |
Liquid tincture | 2-4 mL |
Capsules | 250-500 mg |
The guidelines provided are general, and individual needs may differ. It is crucial to seek professional medical advice for your specific circumstances.
Safety and Side Effects
Common Side Effects
Using Rhamnus cathartica can cause several side effects, most of which are related to its potent laxative action, so users should be aware of potential reactions, including:
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Dehydration
Long-term use may lead to more serious health issues because the colon can become reliant on stimulant laxatives, which makes normal bowel function difficult without their use.[20]
Precautions and Contraindications
Certain individuals should avoid Rhamnus cathartica completely, including pregnant women because it can cause uterine contractions, and breastfeeding women because it can pass through breast milk.[21]
People with specific health conditions need to exercise caution, including those with inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis, as well as those with intestinal blockages.[22] Additionally, individuals with heart conditions and kidney problems require medical advice before using it.
Children should never use buckthorn supplements because their digestive systems are still developing and are more sensitive.[23] Elderly individuals should also take extra caution as they are more susceptible to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.
Interactions with Medications
Rhamnus cathartica can interact with a variety of medications, which may increase side effects or reduce the effectiveness of the drugs, and for this reason it is important to always inform your doctor about any supplement use.[24]
Medications that may interact include:
- Heart rhythm drugs
- Diuretics
- Blood thinners
- Corticosteroids
- Digoxin
Buckthorn can change how the body absorbs certain medications, speeding up or slowing down this process, which affects how well the medications work and could lead to dangerous situations in some cases.[25]
It is important to tell healthcare providers about all supplements, including herbal products like buckthorn, so they can adjust treatments to avoid potentially harmful interactions. It is never advised to start or stop taking supplements without first seeking medical guidance.
Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Ecological Concerns
Rhamnus cathartica creates significant ecological problems as it grows aggressively in non-native areas and forms dense thickets that outcompete native plants.[26] Buckthorn also changes the chemistry of the soil, which negatively affects other plants.
Birds spread buckthorn seeds far and wide after eating the berries, making efforts to control the plant very challenging.[27] Buckthorn changes habitats for wildlife because it is not as nutritious as native plants.
Sustainable Harvesting
Sustainable practices for Rhamnus cathartica involve focusing on controlling its spread rather than cultivating it, especially in areas where it is invasive.[28] Harvesting can help limit its spread, but caution must be used to prevent the further distribution of seeds.
For supplement production, sourcing buckthorn from controlled populations is best in order to prevent the encouragement of growth in ecologically sensitive areas. Some regions allow harvesting as part of removal efforts, which combines ecological management with resource use.
Responsible companies work with local authorities to ensure that harvesting is in line with conservation goals and to balance supplement production with the protection of the environment. Consumers should seek out products that are sourced ethically and sustainably.
Regulatory Status
The regulatory status of Rhamnus cathartica varies by country. In the United States, the FDA regulates it as a dietary supplement, which means it is subject to less strict regulations than drugs.[29] Companies can sell buckthorn products without pre-approval.
The FDA monitors safety and marketing claims, and prohibits false or misleading statements. In some European countries, buckthorn falls under herbal medicine regulations, which requires more oversight and testing.[30]
Canada treats buckthorn as a natural health product that requires a license for sale, and the government reviews its safety, efficacy, and quality.[31] Other countries have their own sets of rules, and some ban its sale completely due to concerns about its invasive nature.
Consumers should verify local laws before purchasing, as what is legal in one area might be illegal in another. It is always best to buy from reputable sources that comply with regional regulations.
Choosing Quality Supplements
Selecting high-quality Rhamnus cathartica supplements requires careful consideration, as not all products are made equally. Knowing what to look for will help ensure both safety and effectiveness.
Consider these factors when choosing supplements:
- Third-party testing
- Clear labeling of ingredients
- Sustainable sourcing practices
- Reputable manufacturer
- Appropriate dosage information
Look for certifications from independent organizations, which indicate that the product meets certain quality standards, and a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification is a positive sign, demonstrating that proper production methods were used.[32]
Companies should provide clear details about their products, including where the buckthorn is sourced and how it is processed. Transparency builds trust with consumers and demonstrates a commitment to quality.[33]
Alternative Supplements
Those seeking alternatives to Rhamnus cathartica have several other options, with many plants offering similar purported benefits. Some of these options may have fewer side effects or environmental concerns.
Supplement | Main Use | Compared to Buckthorn |
---|---|---|
Psyllium | Laxative | Gentler, more fiber |
Senna | Laxative | Similar strength, less invasive plant |
Aloe Vera | Digestive health | Milder effect, better studied |
Slippery Elm | Digestive soothing | No laxative effect, supports overall gut health |
When choosing between alternatives, consider your specific needs. Some are better suited for occasional use, while others are more appropriate for daily supplementation. It is always best to begin with the mildest option that addresses your needs.
It is helpful to consult with a healthcare provider to help make the correct choice because they can provide guidance based on your health status and goals. Remember that natural does not always mean safe, and that each supplement has its own set of risks and benefits.
Future Research Directions
Many questions regarding Rhamnus cathartica remain unanswered, and scientists continue to research its effects and potential uses. Future research could focus on several key areas.
Understanding long-term effects is a top priority, as most studies have only focused on short-term use. More data is needed regarding long-term supplementation, including benefits and risks.
Researchers are working to isolate specific compounds in buckthorn, which could lead to the development of new medicines or supplements and help explain how buckthorn affects the body.
Environmental studies are also crucial. Finding effective methods to control invasive populations is ongoing, and scientists are also exploring ways to use buckthorn sustainably.
Priorities for future Rhamnus cathartica research include:
- Long-term safety studies
- Isolation of active compounds
- Potential drug interactions
- Ecological impact assessments
- Sustainable harvesting methods
As research continues, our understanding will grow, potentially leading to new uses for buckthorn and revealing any unknown risks. It is important for both users and healthcare providers to stay updated on new findings.
FAQ: People Also Ask
In conclusion, Rhamnus cathartica has potential benefits but also comes with risks. Its long history of use does not guarantee safety or efficacy. Modern research continues to explore its properties and effects, and users should approach buckthorn supplements with caution, and consult healthcare providers to ensure safe and appropriate use. As with any supplement, making informed decisions leads to better outcomes, so it is important to stay aware of new findings and always prioritize your health and safety.What is Rhamnus cathartica used for?
Is Rhamnus cathartica safe to consume?
How long does it take for Rhamnus cathartica to work?
Can Rhamnus cathartica help with weight loss?
Are there any natural alternatives to Rhamnus cathartica?
How does Rhamnus cathartica compare to other laxatives?
Rhamnus cathartica, commonly known as European Buckthorn, typically reaches heights of 20-25 feet, but can occasionally grow even taller under optimal conditions.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
The bark of Rhamnus cathartica is characterized by its dark color and the presence of light-colored lenticels, which are small, raised pores that facilitate gas exchange.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
The leaves of Rhamnus cathartica are indeed oval with toothed edges and grow in an opposite arrangement on the branches, meaning two leaves emerge directly across from each other at a node.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
Rhamnus cathartica produces small, yellowish-green flowers in the spring, which mature into dark purple berries by late summer. Each berry typically contains 3-4 seeds.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
Buckthorn, particularly its bark and berries, has a long history of use in traditional medicine, primarily as a laxative due to its anthraquinone content.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica is native to Europe and western Asia and is known for its adaptability to a variety of habitats, including woodlands, hedgerows, and riverbanks.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
Rhamnus cathartica demonstrates a high tolerance for different soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, which contributes to its invasive potential.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
Rhamnus cathartica was introduced to North America in the 19th century primarily for use as an ornamental shrub and for hedgerows.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
The seeds in buckthorn berries are readily consumed by birds, which then deposit the seeds in new locations, facilitating rapid spread across many U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
In its non-native habitats, Rhamnus cathartica is highly invasive, outcompeting native species for resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients, and forms dense thickets that disrupt local ecosystems.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
While buckthorn berries do contain some vitamins and minerals, their primary active components are anthraquinones, which are known to have a strong laxative effect.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Buckthorn berries contain less sugar and more fiber than typical fruits like apples or pears. However, the active compounds can cause digestive discomfort, therefore excessive consumption is not advisable.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
The anthraquinones in Rhamnus cathartica stimulate bowel movements by increasing fluid secretion into the intestines, which softens stool and promotes elimination.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Historically, buckthorn was employed as a strong purgative to ‘cleanse’ the system. Today, its use is generally limited to occasional constipation relief due to the risk of dependence and electrolyte imbalances with long-term use.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica does contain compounds with antioxidant properties, which can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Flavonoids found in buckthorn have been shown to act as antioxidants and may have anti-inflammatory effects, but more research is needed to confirm these benefits.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Traditionally, buckthorn has been used for various health issues, such as liver and gallbladder problems, skin conditions, and fever reduction. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support these uses.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Many of the purported health benefits of Rhamnus cathartica, such as use for liver and gallbladder issues, skin conditions, and fever reduction have not been substantiated by modern scientific research, and additional investigation is needed.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Correct dosing is crucial because an insufficient dose may not be effective, whereas excessive amounts can result in serious adverse effects, including digestive distress and electrolyte imbalances.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Long-term use of stimulant laxatives like buckthorn may result in dependency where the colon relies on the laxative to function, thus making normal bowel movements difficult to achieve without it.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Pregnant women should avoid Rhamnus cathartica as it can cause uterine contractions, and breastfeeding women should avoid it because its active compounds can pass through breast milk.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Individuals with conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis) or intestinal blockages should exercise caution and avoid the use of Rhamnus cathartica.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Due to the sensitivity of their developing digestive systems, children should never use buckthorn supplements due to potential for serious adverse effects.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica can interfere with the actions of certain medications. It’s important to consult a healthcare provider to ensure there are no harmful interactions.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica may affect how the body absorbs medications. It can either speed up or slow down absorption. This can affect the medication’s efficacy and potentially lead to dangerous situations.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica is invasive in non-native habitats and causes substantial ecological problems by aggressively outcompeting native plants and forming dense thickets.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
Birds consuming buckthorn berries facilitate widespread seed dispersal, which makes controlling the plant’s population challenging.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
Given its invasive nature, sustainable practices for Rhamnus cathartica emphasize control and removal rather than cultivation, especially in areas where it is considered invasive.
Source: “Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323733/
In the United States, the FDA regulates Rhamnus cathartica as a dietary supplement, which subjects it to less rigorous regulations than pharmaceutical drugs.
Source: “Analytical Challenges and Metrological Approaches to Ensuring Dietary Supplement Quality: International Perspectives” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8787362/
In some European countries, Rhamnus cathartica is regulated as an herbal medicine, subjecting it to more oversight and testing compared to its regulation as a dietary supplement.
In Canada, Rhamnus cathartica is treated as a natural health product, necessitating a license for sale. The Canadian government reviews its safety, efficacy, and quality before it can be sold.
Source: “The legal determinants of health: harnessing the power of law for global health and sustainable development” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159296/
When selecting Rhamnus cathartica supplements, look for certifications from independent organizations and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification to ensure quality production methods were followed.
Source: “Promises and challenges of a decentralized CAR T-cell manufacturing model” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235344/
Reputable companies should offer clear information on the sourcing and processing of Rhamnus cathartica used in their products. Transparency builds consumer trust and indicates a commitment to quality.
Psyllium husk is a soluble fiber that provides bulk to the stool and can gently ease constipation.
Source: “Psyllium Fiber Protects Against Colitis Via Activation of Bile Acid Sensor Farnesoid X Receptor” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10148163/
Senna is a stimulant laxative that, like buckthorn, can stimulate bowel movements.
Source: “Determination of Total Sennosides and Sennosides A, B, and A1 in Senna Leaflets, Pods, and Tablets by Two-Dimensional qNMR” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656819/
The primary traditional use of Rhamnus cathartica is as a laxative, due to the presence of anthraquinones.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
While short-term use of Rhamnus cathartica may be considered safe for some adults under medical guidance, it is essential to consider its potential for side effects and interactions, and long-term use should be avoided.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Long-term use or high doses of Rhamnus cathartica can lead to serious health issues such as dependence, electrolyte imbalances, and digestive problems.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica typically produces a laxative effect within 6-12 hours of ingestion, although individual responses may vary.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Rhamnus cathartica may cause water loss through bowel movements. However, any resulting weight reduction is temporary and not indicative of fat loss.
Source: “Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae)” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10382440/
Compared to standard over-the-counter laxatives, Rhamnus cathartica is less regulated and has less scientific research supporting its use.